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本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了長(zhǎng)輸(油氣)商品介質(zhì)管道(GA類)建設(shè)、投產(chǎn),在役管道的運(yùn)行、維修及檢驗(yàn)等技術(shù)要求。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于長(zhǎng)輸管道建設(shè)的設(shè)計(jì)、材料、安裝、無(wú)損檢測(cè)、投產(chǎn)和在役管道的運(yùn)行、維修及檢驗(yàn)。本長(zhǎng)輸管道系指產(chǎn)地、儲(chǔ)存庫(kù)、用戶間的用于輸送(油氣)商品介質(zhì)的管道。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用的管道系統(tǒng)范圍見圖1所示。油氣田集輸管道符合本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的相關(guān)條件的可執(zhí)行本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適用于公用管道(GB類)、工業(yè)管道(GC類)、動(dòng)力管面(GD類);也不適用于其他類型的管道,如電氣(電訊)專用的管道、軍事裝備和核設(shè)施的管道、海上設(shè)施和礦井的管道、移動(dòng)設(shè)備上的管道、石油、天然氣、地?zé)岬瓤碧胶筒删蜓b置的管道、城鎮(zhèn)的門站后所屬的燃?xì)夤芫W(wǎng)。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于新建、擴(kuò)建、改建地下鐵道工程的施工質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收。
本規(guī)范適用于新建或改、擴(kuò)建的油氣輸送管道跨越人工或天然障礙物工程的施工。不適用于沿既有橋梁敷設(shè)管道。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于新建、擴(kuò)建、改建地下鐵道工程的施工。
本規(guī)范適用于城市橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性、適用性、耐久性的檢測(cè)與評(píng)定。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了懸索橋主纜系統(tǒng)(含鋼絲繩吊索、索夾、索鞍及輔助結(jié)構(gòu))防腐涂裝的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義、技術(shù)要求、檢測(cè)、驗(yàn)收、涂裝養(yǎng)護(hù)及維修、安全、衛(wèi)生和環(huán)境保護(hù)等。 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于懸索橋主纜系統(tǒng)的初始涂裝、維護(hù)性涂裝和涂裝劣化后的重新涂裝。
本規(guī)范適用于各類公路橋梁以恢復(fù)使用功能、提高承載能力、增強(qiáng)安全性和耐久性為目的的加固設(shè)計(jì)。一般養(yǎng)護(hù)工程可參照使用。
本規(guī)范適用于公路橋梁加固工程的施工。公路橋梁的改建與大、中修工程可參照?qǐng)?zhí)行。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了城市橋梁養(yǎng)護(hù)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本規(guī)程適用于重慶市所轄各區(qū)、縣(自治縣、市)所在地及建制鎮(zhèn)城市規(guī)劃范圍內(nèi)跨江河橋梁,城市道路上的跨線橋、高架橋、立交橋、人行橋。本規(guī)程不包括城市橋梁上燈飾、綠化的養(yǎng)護(hù)。城市區(qū)域內(nèi)住宅小區(qū)、企事業(yè)單位、工業(yè)、旅游景點(diǎn)等區(qū)域的橋梁養(yǎng)護(hù)可參照本規(guī)程執(zhí)行。本規(guī)程不適用于輕軌高架橋的養(yǎng)護(hù)。
This standard also gives rules for determiningThe technical requirements for prefabricated tensioncomponents for assessingTheir safety, serviceability and durability.
prEN 1993-1-11 gives design rules for sructures with tension components made of steel,which, due to their connections with the structure, are adjuctable and replaceable see Table 1.1
prEN1993-1-11 gives design rules for structures with tension components made of steel, which, due to their connections with the structure, are adjustable and replaceable see Table 1.1.NOTE: Due to the requirement of adjustability and replaceability such tension components are generally prefabricated products delivered to site and installed into the structure. Tension components that are not adjustable or replaceable, e.g. air spun cables of suspension bridges, or for externally post-tensioned bridges, are outside the scope of this part. However, rules of this standard may be applicable. This standard also gives rules for determining the technical requirements for prefabricated tension components for assessing their safety, serviceability and durability.NOTE 1: Group A products in general have a single solid round cross section connected to end terminations by threads. They are mainly used as– bracings for roofs, walls, girders– stays for roof elements, pylons– tensioning systems for steel-wooden truss and steel structures, space framesNOTE 2: Group B products are composed of wires which are anchored in sockets or other end terminations and are fabricated primarily in the diameter range of 5 mm to 160 mm, see EN 12385-2.Spiral strand ropes are mainly used as– stay cables for aerials, smoke stacks, masts and bridges– carrying cables and edge cables for light weight structures– hangers or suspenders for suspension bridges– stabilizing cables for cable nets and wood and steel trusses– hand-rail cables for banisters, balconies, bridge rails and guardrailsFully locked coil ropes are fabricated in the diameter range of 20 mm to 180 mm and are mainly used as– stay cables, suspension cables and hangers for bridge construction– suspension cables and stabilizing cables in cable trusses– edge cables for cable nets– stay cables for pylons, masts, aerialsStructural strand ropes are mainly used as– stay cables for masts, aerials– hangers for suspension bridges– damper / spacer tie cables between stay cables– edge cables for fabric membranes– rail cables for banister, balcony, bridge and guide rails.NOTE 3: Group C products need individual or collective anchoring and appropriate protection.Bundles of parallel wires are mainly used as stay cables, main cables for suspension bridges and external tendons.Bundles of parallel strands are mainly used as stay cables for composite and steel bridges.(4) The types of termination dealt with in this part for Group B and C products are– metal and resin sockets, see EN 13411-4– sockets with cement grout– ferrules and ferrule securing, see EN 13411-3– swaged sockets and swaged fitting– U-bolt wire rope grips, see EN 13411-5– anchoring for bundles with wedges, cold formed button heads for wires and nuts for bars.NOTE: For terminology see Annex C.
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